Motion control is sub
field of automation. This controls the position or the velocity of the
machinery. To do this it uses device like a linear actuator, electric motor,
hydraulic pump or generally a servo motor. This is a very important part of robotics and
CNC machine tools. This is a very complex system as the kinematics in these
machines is usually very simple. Motion control is used greatly in packaging,
textile, semi conductor, printing and assembly lines.
The basic design of the motion control is as follows. The
control is set to generate set points for the desired outcome and to close
positions or velocity (the feedback loop). The signal is then changed into an
electrical current by a drive or an amplifier. This is then delivered to the
actuator. (An actuator is for motion output and can be a hydraulic pump,
electric motor or a linear actuator.)
Some newer models are more accurate because they can close the position
internally.
Feedback sensors such as Hall Effect devices or
optical encoders are used to close the position of the actuator bring it back
to the motion control. The
mechanical components then change the motion into a required movement. This can
include shifting, belts, ball screw, gears, and linkages linear or rotational
bearings. When co-ordinated motion is required the interface between the motion
controllers are critical. They have to provide tight synchronisation.
There are some common control features and these
include position control (this is often based on the velocity profiles for
example S-curve or triangular profile.), velocity, electronic gearing (also
known as cam profiling) this is where the master axis and the position of the
slave axis are mathematically linked. For example, when two rotating drums turn
at a set ratio to one another, there is also electronic camming and this is
where the slave axis abides by a profile that is the job of the master as this
does not need to be salted but it has to be animated. There is also pressure
and force control.
Motion controllers are used in an array of different
industries to help produce and make most of the things we use every day. They
help do the jobs that are hard labour for humans and assist in increasing
productivity. There are several
companies that globally sell these controls. They develop, manufacture
and market servo drives and systems. Their products are predominantly brushless
controls; however they do provide drives for alternate motor types. They also
provide standard products and can customize to suit your needs.
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